Download or read book Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America written by Mark Christopher Carnes and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study of American 19th-century secret orders, the author argues that religious practices and gender roles became increasingly feminized in Victorian America and that secret societies, such as the Freemasons, offered men and boys an alternative, male counterculture.