Download or read book TRAF Proteins in Human Disease written by Gail A. Bishop and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) associated factors (TRAFs) are a family of signaling adaptors first identified as components of TNFR signaling complexes, but now recognized to regulate signal transduction downstream of a diverse array of receptors, including Toll like receptors, antigen receptors and cytokine receptors. TRAF proteins play important roles in many human diseases and processes as both positive and negative regulators. This eBook begins with a review of TRAF structure, followed by reviews on the role of TRAFs in NF-kB and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling as well as in signaling downstream of innate pattern recognition receptors. Next is a review focused on the role TRAF1 in human disease, while two other reviews focus specifically on the role of TRAF3 in B cells and in bone resorption, respectively. The role of TRAF proteins in cancer is considered in a review article and in an original research contribution. Additional reviews address the role of TRAF proteins in T follicular helper responses, as well as in IL-6 and 4-1BB signaling. Together these articles highlight the diverse and complex role of TRAF proteins as both positive and negative regulators in inflammatory and immune signaling, with impact on many human conditions.