Download or read book Spatial Modeling of the Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in the Contiguous USA written by Muhammad Salaha Uddin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) from different sources are important in the current climate change debate, and their measuring is also essential for the formulation and evaluation of public policies. However, emissions of CO2 are not usually observed and instead of estimated from the activity and repurposed data. In the cyclical biogeochemical process of carbon dioxide, the sectoral net emissions (i.e., industrial, transportation, residential, commercial) are not identifiable and directly observable. In this respect, this study explored the direct statistical relationships among the spatial variability of observed atmospheric CO2 concentration, the reported industrial emissions, and other hypothesized factors. Methodologically, this study presents a statistical approach for understanding the effect magnitudes of the industrial emissions and other hypothesized factors on the atmospheric CO2 concentration using observed spatial data. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is a measurable and well-mixed media of all emissions. There are anthropogenic and natural sources of emissions from where CO2 emits to the atmosphere. The emitted CO2 from different sectors interacts with the sinks and finally settles as atmospheric CO2 concentration. Therefore, the magnitude and intensity of the sectoral net emissions and concentration of atmospheric CO2 vary over space. This study considers this resultant spatial variability of the atmospheric CO2 and emitted sectoral emissions over the space to determine the effects of emissions and other hypothesized factors on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. For this purpose, this study developed a framework for analyzing each identified anthropogenic factor that includes specific databases and statistical methods. This study developed a methodological approach to study CO2 emissions using observed hypothesized factors and the atmospheric phenomenon of column-averaged carbon dioxide (XCO2). The study statistically established that industrial locations and emissions play a significant role in the spatial variation of XCO2 in the CONUS regardless of the direct emissions from other anthropogenic sources and the counties' urban and rural nature. The study found that taking account of the sources and sinks' spatial variability is an effective way of estimating sectoral emissions' marginal effects. In this way, it is possible to find the marginal emission effects of industrial emissions at the USA's county-level using existing databases. This marginal effect estimation approach ensures industrial emissions' geographic visualization in terms of the observed atmospheric phenomenon rather than unobserved emission amounts.