Download or read book Transformation of the African American Intelligentsia, 1880–2012 written by Martin Kilson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After Reconstruction, African Americans found themselves largely excluded from politics, higher education, and the professions. Martin Kilson explores how a modern African American intelligentsia developed amid institutionalized racism. He argues passionately for an ongoing commitment to communitarian leadership in the tradition of Du Bois.